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Albufeira
Albufeira () is a city, seat and municipality in the district of Faro, in the southernmost Portuguese region of the Algarve. The municipality population in 2011 was 40,828,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 140.66 km².〔(Direção-Geral do Território )〕 The city proper had a population of 13,646 in 2001.〔(UMA POPULAÇÃO QUE SE URBANIZA, Uma avaliação recente - Cidades, 2004 ) Nuno Pires Soares, Instituto Geográfico Português (Geographic Institute of Portugal)〕 It is from Lisbon, and is within close proximity of Paderne Castle. Lagos is located to the west, and Faro to the south-east. A tourist destination (due to its coastal conditions), Albufeira expands to approximately 300,000 residents during the summer and during New Year celebrations, owing to the number of hotels and lodgings in the district, that includes marina facilities, golf courses, restaurants and bar for the annual flood of visitors.
==History==
It is unclear when the first settlements specifically formed in the region of Albufeira, although scientific research suggest origins during the pre-historic epoch, and that the town of Albufeira formed as an out-port of the maritime fishery. The primitive settlement was occupied by the Romans, named it ''Baltum'', introducing a centralized administrative structure and developing intense agricultural activities along with commerce. The Romans constructed aqueducts, roads and bridges, of which parts still remain.
The name originated from the Arab ''Al-buhera'', which means ''castle of the sea'', owing to its location along the coast, or the alternately ''al-Buħayra'', for ''the lagoon'', in reference to the lagoon that formed in the lowlands. The Arabs constructed strong defensive structures, making the area almost impregnable, allowing this area to remain in the hands of their forces longer than other possessions in Portugal. The development of agriculture during this period was notable, with the introduction of new techniques and plant species. The Moors used the plow and fertilizers, as well as winches for lifting the water from the wells, introducing the irrigation of fields, constructing dams and transforming uncultivated areas into gardens and orchards.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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